{"id":33,"date":"2025-04-23T00:16:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T00:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mwaliregistrar.org\/?page_id=33"},"modified":"2025-04-25T02:11:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T02:11:08","slug":"constitutional-framework","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mwaliregistrar.org\/index.php\/constitutional-framework\/","title":{"rendered":"Constitutional Framework"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"33\" class=\"elementor elementor-33\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-87fd741 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-eae-slider=\"32401\" data-id=\"87fd741\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92662b3\" data-eae-slider=\"30391\" data-id=\"92662b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3755084 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3755084\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Constitutional Framework<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08ea13c elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-eae-slider=\"71700\" data-id=\"08ea13c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e038656\" data-eae-slider=\"48968\" data-id=\"e038656\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7606653 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"57613\" data-id=\"7606653\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0aadc8\" data-eae-slider=\"58027\" data-id=\"d0aadc8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e361c3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e361c3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Governance in Moh\u00e9li operates under a clear constitutional framework that defines the powers and responsibilities at both the Union and island levels. The Constitution of the Union of the Comoros (most recently revised in 2018) is the supreme law of the land, establishing Comoros as a unitary state while guaranteeing the autonomy of Moh\u00e9li (Mwali) and the other islands . This Union Constitution outlines the distribution of competencies: matters such as defense, foreign affairs, nationality, currency, and religion are exclusive to the Union government, whereas certain local matters (for example, local infrastructure, primary education, fishing, and local commerce) can be legislated and managed by the island authorities<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ddb6e8b\" data-eae-slider=\"95130\" data-id=\"ddb6e8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c63a548 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c63a548\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"844\" height=\"623\" src=\"https:\/\/mwaliregistrar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-14.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-618\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53ff37e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"98617\" data-id=\"53ff37e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d58cc1\" data-eae-slider=\"62319\" data-id=\"9d58cc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b30f04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1b30f04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"845\" height=\"476\" src=\"https:\/\/mwaliregistrar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-2-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-619\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ddbeb15\" data-eae-slider=\"68417\" data-id=\"ddbeb15\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e476c87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e476c87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Notably, after a period of political instability in the late 1990s, a new federal arrangement was agreed \u2013 Moh\u00e9li ratified the new Comorian Constitution on March 10, 2002, which significantly decentralized power and created the post of President (now Governor) of Moh\u00e9li . Simultaneously, Moh\u00e9li adopted its own Fundamental Law of the Autonomous Island of Mwali (Moh\u00e9li) in 2002 . This local constitution (or charter) acts in harmony with the Union Constitution, detailing the structure of Moh\u00e9li\u2019s island institutions (the Governorship, Island Assembly, and local judiciary offices) and the scope of their authority. It ensures that Moh\u00e9li can manage its internal affairs democratically while remaining an integral part of the Comoros.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4c44c0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-eae-slider=\"86583\" data-id=\"c4c44c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-692e836\" data-eae-slider=\"55373\" data-id=\"692e836\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d491e6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d491e6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Under the current constitutional framework (post-2018 reforms), the islands have slightly reduced autonomy in favor of a stronger central government, but they still retain significant local powers and cultural self-expression. For example, Moh\u00e9li can pass island laws (ordinances) on topics delegated to it and can manage its budget for locally provided services. Any conflicts of jurisdiction between Moh\u00e9li and the Union are resolved by the judicial system \u2013 previously a Constitutional Court and now the Supreme Court of Comoros plays that role .<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b8ba0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"96928\" data-id=\"3b8ba0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12fa53d\" data-eae-slider=\"44685\" data-id=\"12fa53d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f432bc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f432bc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Constitution also enshrines fundamental rights (e.g. equality before the law, freedom of religion and speech) which the Moh\u00e9li government must uphold. In addition, traditional law (customary law known as mila na ntsi) and Islamic law influence local life in Moh\u00e9li, particularly in family and personal matters, but always within the overarching legal framework . In summary, governance in Moh\u00e9li is constitutionally grounded, with the Union Constitution and Moh\u00e9li\u2019s own statutes working together to create a balance between national unity and regional autonomy. Citizens can access the full texts of these constitutions on our site (see the Legal Resources page) to better understand their rights and the government\u2019s duties.\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d909d5\" data-eae-slider=\"94355\" data-id=\"3d909d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8ae8ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d8ae8ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"844\" height=\"623\" src=\"https:\/\/mwaliregistrar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1-3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-620\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a25ac8 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-eae-slider=\"22384\" data-id=\"2a25ac8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c6929\" data-eae-slider=\"37905\" data-id=\"97c6929\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Constitutional Framework Governance in Moh\u00e9li operates under a clear constitutional framework that defines the powers and responsibilities at both the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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